Advanced concepts in interventional spine care.

This review of interventional treatment of the spine emphasizes the need for aggressive pain control as a means of preventing persistent pain. The use and application of lumbar epidural injections, facet blocks/denervation, lysis of epidural adhesions, thermal annuloplasty, radiofrequency neurotomy, and nucleoplasty are the treatment options described. These descriptions are not all-inclusive of advanced treatment options for patients with spine pain.