Working memory performance in children with and without intellectual disabilities.

Performance on working memory span tasks by children with intellectual disabilities ages 11 to 12 was compared to that of CA- and MA-matched controls. Limited evidence was available to support a "difference" position, whereby the intellectual disabilities group obtained lower scores than both the CA and MA groups. Some evidence was found for the "developmental" position, whereby the intellectual disabilities group performed at the same level as the MA group but more poorly than the CA-matched group. Finally, some evidence supported an unconventional "difference" account; children in the intellectual disabilities group performed better than the MA group, although still not as well as the CA-matched group. Results were interpreted with reference to the role of strategies in working memory performance.