Genetic interaction between the unstable v-Ha-RAS transgene (Tg.AC) and the murine Werner syndrome gene: transgene instability and tumorigenesis.

Tg.AC transgenic mice provide a sensitive assay for oncogenic agents and a convenient alternative to the two-stage initiation/promoter model of skin tumorigenesis. Although extensively used, this model has remained in part an enigma since mice that carry the Tg.AC transgene (consisting of v-Ha-Ras driven by an embryonic zeta-globin promoter) would not ordinarily be expected to develop skin and other adult tumors. Cloning and characterizing the inserted transgene has provided an insight into the Tg.AC phenotype. We find that the transgene is inserted into a Line-1 element in such a way as to create extended inverted repeats consisting of both transgene and Line-1 sequences. Such structures would be expected to contribute to the instability of the Tg.AC locus and we suggest that this instability is critical to the Tg.AC phenotype. Further, we strengthen this notion by introducing an inactivating mutation in the murine Wrn gene (a gene important in maintenance of genome stability) and showing that bigenic Tg.AC/Wrn(Deltahel/Deltahel) mice experience an eightfold increase in inactivating germline mutations at the Tg.AC locus. Similarly, Tg.AC/Wrn(Deltahel/Deltahel) mice that retain an intact and thus active Tg.AC locus experience a sharp increase in papillomas as compared to Tg.AC/Wrn(+/+) mice. This work demonstrates a genetic interaction between the instability of the multicopy transgene and the Werner Syndrome gene. From this, we conclude that genetic instability remains a key element in this tumor promoter model.