Stress-induced premature senescence and tissue ageing.

Various human proliferative cell types exposed in vitro to many types of subcytotoxic stresses undergo stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS). The known mechanisms of appearance the main features of SIPS are reviewed: senescent-like morphology, growth arrest, senescence-related changes in gene expression. All cell types undergoing SIPS in vivo, are likely to participate in the tissular changes observed along ageing. For instance, human diploid fibroblasts exposed in vivo and in vitro to pro-inflammatory cytokines display biomarkers of senescence and might participate in the degradation of the extracellular matrix observed in ageing.