Exploring the perceived world of the deaf-blind: on the development of an instrument.

In the present interview study on a sample of 13 deaf-blind participants (eight Usher patients and five with other diagnoses), all but one with some remaining visual function and all but two with a pure-tone average (PTA) exceeding 100 dB HL, an instrument was developed to assess discovery and localization abilities (DILO), compensatory use of sensory information, emotional and cognitive aspects of communication, and the preferred use of technical aids. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected, and it was found that (1) the importance of early discovery of events and persons is rated high, (2) vision ranks higher than other sensory information, and airflow, smell and residual hearing come next in the perceptual world of this sample, (3) cognitive aspects of communication correlate with the importance of discovery and localization, and (4) technical aids dominated by vision and vibratory senses are preferred. It is concluded that even a small remaining visual function could be of significant importance in rehabilitation. Finally, in the deaf-blind group of subjects with some remaining visual function, utilization of remaining vision was felt to be more important than utilization of other sensory modalities.