BACKGROUND: The prostate specific antigen (PSA) gene has a polymorphic androgen response element (ARE) sequence with two alleles, A and G. PSA A-allele carriers have higher serum PSA levels in healthy men (HM). METHODS: We analysed DNA samples from 278 (556 alleles) unrelated individuals, 127 HM and 151 prostate cancer (PC) patients, for PSA ARE1 genotypes. RESULTS: The analysis of the frequencies from the 556 alleles indicates a significant overrepresentation of A-allele in the PC group under the age of 67 compared with the HM group (63.3% vs. 48.8%; P = 0.009). We found that men carrying two A-alleles have increased risk for PC onset under the age of 67 (odds ratio [OR] = 2.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10-7.86; P = 0.013). Multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed this association (OR = 1.82; 95% CI, 1.03-3.22; P = 0.037). Furthermore, the homozygosity for the A-allele was associated with higher serum PSA levels (P = 0.027) and with the presence of circulating tumor cells in the blood of PC patients (P = 0.018). CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that polymorphism in the PSA gene promoter may be an important biomarker for prostate cancer risk, especially for an earlier onset of PC. Copyright 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
BACKGROUND: The prostate specific antigen (PSA) gene has a polymorphic androgen response element (ARE) sequence with two alleles, A and G. PSA A-allele carriers have higher serum PSA levels in healthy men (HM). METHODS: We analysed DNA samples from 278 (556 alleles) unrelated individuals, 127 HM and 151 prostate cancer (PC) patients, for PSAARE1 genotypes. RESULTS: The analysis of the frequencies from the 556 alleles indicates a significant overrepresentation of A-allele in the PC group under the age of 67 compared with the HM group (63.3% vs. 48.8%; P = 0.009). We found that men carrying two A-alleles have increased risk for PC onset under the age of 67 (odds ratio [OR] = 2.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10-7.86; P = 0.013). Multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed this association (OR = 1.82; 95% CI, 1.03-3.22; P = 0.037). Furthermore, the homozygosity for the A-allele was associated with higher serum PSA levels (P = 0.027) and with the presence of circulating tumor cells in the blood of PC patients (P = 0.018). CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that polymorphism in the PSA gene promoter may be an important biomarker for prostate cancer risk, especially for an earlier onset of PC. Copyright 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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