Single molecule measurements of DNA transport through a nanopore.

We examined the voltage-driven movement of single-stranded DNA molecules in a membrane channel or "nanopore". Using single channel recording methods and a statistical analysis of many single molecule events, we determined how voltage influences capture and translocation in the nanopore. We verified that the mean time between capture events follows a simple exponential distribution, whereas the translocation times follow a unique distribution that is partly Gaussian and partly exponential. Measurements of polymer sequence effects demonstrated that translocation duration is heavily influenced by specific or nonspecific purine-channel interactions. The single molecule approach we used revealed molecular interactions that can influence both capture rates and translocation velocities in a manner that enriches naive barrier crossing models.