Liver receptor homologue-1 is expressed in human steroidogenic tissues and activates transcription of genes encoding steroidogenic enzymes.

In the current study we test the hypothesis that liver receptor homologue-1 (LRH; designated NR5A2) is involved in the regulation of steroid hormone production. The potential role of LRH was assessed by first examining expression in human steroidogenic tissues and second by examining effects on transcription of genes encoding enzymes involved in steroidogenesis. LRH is closely related to steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1; designated NR5A1), which is expressed in most steroidogenic tissues and regulates expression of several steroid-metabolizing enzymes. LRH transcripts were expressed at high levels in the human ovary and testis. Adrenal and placenta expressed much lower levels of LRH than either ovary or liver. To examine the effects of LRH on steroidogenic capacity we used reporter constructs prepared with the 5'-flanking region of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), cholesterol side-chain cleavage (CYP11A1), 3beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type II (HSD3B2), 17alpha hydroxylase, 17,20 lyase (CYP17), 11beta hydroxylase (CYP11B1) and aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2). Co-transfection of these reporter constructs with LRH expression vector demonstrated that like SF1, LRH enhanced reporter activity driven by flanking DNA from StAR, CYP11A1, CYP17, HSD3B2, and CYP11B1. Reporter constructs driven by CYP11A1 and CYP17 were increased the most by co-transfection with LRH and SF1. Of the promoters examined only HSD3B2 was more sensitive to LRH than SF1. The high level of ovarian and testicular LRH expression make it likely that LRH plays an important role in the regulation of gonadal function.