Hair analysis for opiates, cocaine and metabolites. Evaluation of a method by interlaboratory comparison.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of a technique for the simultaneous testing of opiates, cocaine and metabolites in hair by interlaboratory comparison. Sixteen forensic and clinical laboratories with different degrees of experience in hair analysis participated voluntarily in the study (no selection criteria were applied). The suggested analytical procedure, the one routinely used in our laboratory, consisted of incubation in HCl 0.1N (45 degrees C, overnight), solid phase extraction (with Bond Elut Certify) cartridges), derivatisation (trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives) and GC-MS analysis. Three different mixtures of finely cut (1 mm or less) hair were prepared using drug-users' and drug-free hair: one 'negative' sample (<0.1 ng/mg for morphine, 6-acetylmorphine (6AM), cocaine and benzoylecgonine (BE)), one 'low concentration' sample (between 0.5 and 2 ng/mg) and one 'high concentration' sample (>3 ng/mg). Accuracy and precision (CV% lower than 5.1, 9.9, 5.2, 3.8, 7.3 and 8.3% for morphine, 6AM, codeine, cocaine, BE, and methylecgonine (ME), respectively; range 0.5-5 ng/mg) of the method and homogeneity of the mixtures were evaluated in our laboratory by intraday (CV% lower than 12% for all analytes) and interday analyses (CV% lower than 17% for all analytes except 6AM, 25%). Participants in the study were grouped into: (1) laboratories (n = 6) obtaining the best qualitative and quantitative values, corresponding to those with long experience in hair analysis; (2) laboratories (n = 5) with no reported false positive and/or false negatives; (3) laboratories (n = 5) with one or more reported false positives/false negatives. The results obtained by the labs of the first group were used as reference values. The scatter of data was similar to those obtained in other published studies.