The growing threat of arbovirus transmission and outbreaks in Kenya: a review.

OBJECTIVE: To review the trend in arbovirus outbreaks and activity in Kenya in the last ten years. DATA SOURCE: Published reports of past outbreak investigations and more recent data available at the Arbovirology and Viral haemorrhagic fevers reference centre, Centre for Virus Research, Nairobi. STUDY SELECTION: Past and recent outbreaks and active transmission reports of arboviruses of medical importance in Kenya including Yellow fever (YF), Rift Valley Fever (RVF), Dengue and Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever. SYNTHESIS: Each of the viruses was reviewed providing critical information on classification, incidence, outbreak, and activity in Kenya, mode of transmission, recognition of cases, management and control.
CONCLUSION: There is increased frequency of outbreaks and detection of arbovirus activity in humans and vectors in the last ten years including re-emergence of YF virus as a public health concern in Kenya. The importance of recognition of cases and diagnosis (especially in malaria endemic areas) is critical to management and control. Effective countrywide surveillance backed by diagnostic centres is highly recommended.