Nutritional problems associated with end-stage renal disease in the developing world.

Protein-energy malnutrition is a major problem in dialysis patients. There is increased morbidity and mortality in dialysis patients with malnutrition. There are very few published studies on nutritional parameters and adequacy of dialysis from the developing world and especially from Africa. There was a significant improvement in neuromuscular function and nutrition in 22 hemodialysis patients in Egypt with optimization of dialysis dose and nutritional status. In a study of 82 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients in Durban, South Africa, there was a reduction in the number of hospital admissions in adequately dialyzed patients (achieving Kt/V of >2.1). In another study of 84 CAPD patients from the same center, 76.2% of patients were assessed as being malnourished, with loss of appetite being an important etiological factor. Strategies to optimize dialysis dose, together with services of a renal dietician, will assist in improving the nutrition of patients with chronic renal failure.