Evaluation of the sedative properties of the ethanolic root extract of Cissampelos mucronata.

The ethanolic root extract of Cissampelos mucronata was investigated for sedative activity. Phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of alkaloids: sterols/triterpenes, tannins, carbohydrates, glycosides, and flavonoids. Acute lethality test gave an LD50 of 282.84 mg/kg. The study of the effect of the extract on the behavioural pattern of mice showed changes indicative of central nervous system depression. The results further revealed that the extract progressively reduced ephedrine-induced spontaneous motor activity in rats, and prolonged pentobarbitone-sleeping time in mice. Pre-treatment of mice with the extract also protected 40% of the animals against pentylenetetrazole-induced convulsions. The mechanism of action is not precisely known but may probably be attributed to central nervous system depressant action.