Field-simulator studies of insecticide resistance to dimethylcarbamates and pyrethroids conferred by metabolic- and target site-based mechanisms in peach-potato aphids, Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae).

A range of insecticides was applied at recommended application rates against populations of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) carrying various combinations of three insecticide resistance mechanisms (carboxylesterase-based metabolic resistance and two target-site mechanisms, known as MACE and kdr), supported on either Chinese cabbage or potatoes in field simulator cages. Patterns of response were similar on both host species. MACE conferred extreme resistance to pirimicarb and triazamate (dimethylcarbamate insecticides). The kdr mechanism was associated with resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin and deltamethrin (pyrethroid insecticides). A mixture of pirimicarb plus lambda-cyhalothrin was only effective against M persicae not carrying kdr or carrying kdr and low carboxylesterase-based resistance. None of the insecticides tested was effective against M persicae carrying both MACE and kdr resistance. The implications of these findings for the formulation of control strategies, based on regular monitoring of resistance genotype frequencies, are discussed.