Motifs within the CLN3 protein: modulation of cell growth rates and apoptosis.

Juvenile Batten disease (JNCL) is an autosomal recessive disease that results from mutations in the CLN3 gene. The wild-type CLN3 gene coding sequence has 15 exons, and the translated protein consists of 438 amino acids. The most commonly observed mutation is a 1.02 kb deletion in the genomic DNA. This deletion results in a truncated protein due to the loss of amino acids 154-438, and the introduction of 28 novel amino acids at the c-terminus. We demonstrate that, compared to normal controls, CLN3-deficient immortalization of lymphoblasts homozygous for this deletion grow at a slower rate, and show increased sensitivity to etoposide-induced apoptosis, supporting the notion that CLN3 may negatively regulate apoptosis. Using immortalized JNCL lymphoblast cell lines as a model system, we assess the effects of specific CLN3 mutations on cell growth rates and protection from etoposide-induced apoptosis. Protection from etoposide-induced apoptosis occurs and the cell growth rate is restored following transfection of JNCL lymphoblasts with mutant CLN3 cDNA that includes exons 11 or 13. We show that deletion of the glycosylation sites 71NQSH74 and 310NTSL313, and also mutations within the highly conserved amino acid stretches 184WSSGTGGAGLLG195, 291VYFAE295 and 330VFASRSSL337, result in slowed growth and susceptibility to apoptosis.