OBJECTIVES: To determine whether HIV-exposed, uninfected subjects (EUs) having HIV-specific effector activity are at a reduced risk for seroconverting compared with EUs with no HIV-specific effector responses. DESIGN: Twenty-eight intravenous drug users (IVDU) with documented risk for HIV infection over a 1-year period were screened for the presence of HIV-specific CD8+ effector cell activity. Group I included 18 IVDUs who remained seronegative despite exposure to HIV through needle sharing with partner(s) known to be HIV infected. Group II included 10 IVDUs who seroconverted after similar HIV exposure. METHODS: The enzyme-linked immunospot (ELIspot; Mabtech AB, Nacka, Sweden) assay was used to measure the frequency of HIV-specific interferon-gamma secreting cells. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were stimulated with a panel of synthetic HIV peptides in a major histocompatibility complex class I antigen-restricted fashion. PBMC from group II were obtained from timepoints 7 months or less before seroconversion. RESULTS: Twelve of 18 (66.7%) persistently seronegative subjects versus none of 10 seroconverters exhibited detectable HIV-specific effector responses at the sampling date (P < 0.001; Fisher's exact test). This represents an odds ratio of 40.38 (95% confidence intervals 2.95 to > 3000). CONCLUSION: EUs who have developed HIV-specific effector responses are at a reduced risk for seroconversion compared with EUs who do not develop this type of immunity. This observation supports the hypothesis that HIV-specific effector responses are a correlate of immune protection from HIV infection.
OBJECTIVES: To determine whether HIV-exposed, uninfected subjects (EUs) having HIV-specific effector activity are at a reduced risk for seroconverting compared with EUs with no HIV-specific effector responses. DESIGN: Twenty-eight intravenous drug users (IVDU) with documented risk for HIV infection over a 1-year period were screened for the presence of HIV-specific CD8+ effector cell activity. Group I included 18 IVDUs who remained seronegative despite exposure to HIV through needle sharing with partner(s) known to be HIV infected. Group II included 10 IVDUs who seroconverted after similar HIV exposure. METHODS: The enzyme-linked immunospot (ELIspot; Mabtech AB, Nacka, Sweden) assay was used to measure the frequency of HIV-specific interferon-gamma secreting cells. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were stimulated with a panel of synthetic HIV peptides in a major histocompatibility complex class I antigen-restricted fashion. PBMC from group II were obtained from timepoints 7 months or less before seroconversion. RESULTS: Twelve of 18 (66.7%) persistently seronegative subjects versus none of 10 seroconverters exhibited detectable HIV-specific effector responses at the sampling date (P < 0.001; Fisher's exact test). This represents an odds ratio of 40.38 (95% confidence intervals 2.95 to > 3000). CONCLUSION: EUs who have developed HIV-specific effector responses are at a reduced risk for seroconversion compared with EUs who do not develop this type of immunity. This observation supports the hypothesis that HIV-specific effector responses are a correlate of immune protection from HIV infection.
Authors: Laura Pattacini; Jared M Baeten; Katherine K Thomas; Tayler R Fluharty; Pamela M Murnane; Deborah Donnell; Elizabeth Bukusi; Allan Ronald; Nelly Mugo; Jairam R Lingappa; Connie Celum; M Juliana McElrath; Jennifer M Lund Journal: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Date: 2016-06-01 Impact factor: 3.731
Authors: Shameem Z Jaumdally; Anabela Picton; Caroline T Tiemessen; Maria Paximadis; Heather B Jaspan; Hoyam Gamieldien; Lindi Masson; David Coetzee; Anna-Lise Williamson; Francesca Little; Pamela P Gumbi; Jo-Ann S Passmore Journal: Immunology Date: 2017-05-24 Impact factor: 7.397
Authors: Adam J Ritchie; Suzanne L Campion; Jakub Kopycinski; Zoe Moodie; Z Maggie Wang; Kruti Pandya; Stephen Moore; Michael K P Liu; Simon Brackenridge; Kristin Kuldanek; Kenneth Legg; Myron S Cohen; Eric L Delwart; Barton F Haynes; Sarah Fidler; Andrew J McMichael; Nilu Goonetilleke Journal: J Virol Date: 2011-01-26 Impact factor: 5.103
Authors: Marylyn M Addo; Marcus Altfeld; Diana M Brainard; Almas Rathod; Alicja Piechocka-Trocha; Ulgen Fideli; Joseph Mulenga; Erin Shutes; Donna Marie L Alvino; Eric Hunter; Susan A Allen; Bruce D Walker Journal: J Infect Dis Date: 2010-12-09 Impact factor: 5.226