OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of meconium staining on the growth rate of Escherichia coli and group B streptococci (GBS) in amniotic fluid. STUDY DESIGN: Sterile meconium was added in different concentrations to pooled sterile amniotic fluid obtained from term mothers. Meconium concentration was equal to: 1, 1.5, 3, 6, and 12 mg meconium/ml amniotic fluid. Amniotic fluid was quantitatively inoculated with E. coli and GBS type II and type III organisms (10(3) organisms/ml). Clear amniotic fluid and Todd-Hewitt broth served as controls. Growth rates of organisms were measured at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 24 hours after inoculation. RESULTS: Clear amniotic fluid was completely inhibitory for growth of E. coli even after 24 hours of incubation. In contrast, after 6 hours of incubation, significantly increased growth of GBS occurred (10(5) organisms/ml) (p<0.0001). The inhibitory effect on E. coli was observed even with meconium concentration of up to 1.5 mg/ml. In contrast, even the smallest concentration of meconium (1 mg/ml) resulted in a 2-log fold increase of GBS within 4 hours. The more rapid growth rate of GBS compared to E. coli persisted even at moderate staining of amniotic fluid (6 mg/ml) in the first 8 hours of incubation (p<0.005). In the presence of thick meconium (12 mg/ml), during the first 6 hours of incubation, the growth rates of GBS and E. coli were nearly similar. CONCLUSIONS: GBS (type II and III) growth, in contrast to E. coli, was less inhibited by amniotic fluid, occurred at a more rapid rate, and was enhanced at lower concentrations of meconium. As such, the presence of even light meconium staining in cases of rupture of membranes of even less than 6 hours in a mother who is a GBS carrier should be considered as a risk factor for the development of perinatal GBS infection.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of meconium staining on the growth rate of Escherichia coli and group B streptococci (GBS) in amniotic fluid. STUDY DESIGN: Sterile meconium was added in different concentrations to pooled sterile amniotic fluid obtained from term mothers. Meconium concentration was equal to: 1, 1.5, 3, 6, and 12 mg meconium/ml amniotic fluid. Amniotic fluid was quantitatively inoculated with E. coli and GBS type II and type III organisms (10(3) organisms/ml). Clear amniotic fluid and Todd-Hewitt broth served as controls. Growth rates of organisms were measured at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 24 hours after inoculation. RESULTS: Clear amniotic fluid was completely inhibitory for growth of E. coli even after 24 hours of incubation. In contrast, after 6 hours of incubation, significantly increased growth of GBS occurred (10(5) organisms/ml) (p<0.0001). The inhibitory effect on E. coli was observed even with meconium concentration of up to 1.5 mg/ml. In contrast, even the smallest concentration of meconium (1 mg/ml) resulted in a 2-log fold increase of GBS within 4 hours. The more rapid growth rate of GBS compared to E. coli persisted even at moderate staining of amniotic fluid (6 mg/ml) in the first 8 hours of incubation (p<0.005). In the presence of thick meconium (12 mg/ml), during the first 6 hours of incubation, the growth rates of GBS and E. coli were nearly similar. CONCLUSIONS:GBS (type II and III) growth, in contrast to E. coli, was less inhibited by amniotic fluid, occurred at a more rapid rate, and was enhanced at lower concentrations of meconium. As such, the presence of even light meconium staining in cases of rupture of membranes of even less than 6 hours in a mother who is a GBS carrier should be considered as a risk factor for the development of perinatal GBS infection.
Authors: Atul K Johri; Immaculada Margarit; Mark Broenstrup; Cecilia Brettoni; Lei Hua; Steven P Gygi; John L Telford; Guido Grandi; Lawrence C Paoletti Journal: Infect Immun Date: 2007-01-08 Impact factor: 3.441
Authors: Izabela Sitkiewicz; Nicole M Green; Nina Guo; Ann M Bongiovanni; Steven S Witkin; James M Musser Journal: PLoS One Date: 2010-03-23 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Samantha J Dando; Ilias Nitsos; Suhas G Kallapur; John P Newnham; Graeme R Polglase; J Jane Pillow; Alan H Jobe; Peter Timms; Christine L Knox Journal: PLoS One Date: 2012-01-12 Impact factor: 3.240