High albumin levels restrict the kinetics of 13-cis retinoic acid uptake and intracellular isomerization to all-trans retinoic acid and inhibit its anti-proliferative effect on SZ95 sebocytes.

13-cis Retinoic acid is rapidly absorbed into cells and exerts its anti-proliferative effect on human sebocytes by specific isomerization to high levels of all-trans retinoic acid and binding the retinoic acid receptors. In this study, we have shown that bovine serum albumin, an extracellular binding protein for 13-cis retinoic acid, plays an important part in the uptake of 13-cis retinoic acid in human sebocytes, its intracellular isomerization to all-trans retinoic acid, and the induction of its anti-proliferative effect. The addition of highly concentrated bovine serum albumin (20 mg per ml) to the serum-free maintenance medium resulted in a rather controlled uptake of constant levels of 13-cis and all-trans retinoic acid into the cells over the 72 h of treatment. As a consequence, significantly reduced and delayed isomerization of 13-cis retinoic acid to all-trans retinoic acid was detected. In parallel experiments, the anti-proliferative activity of 13-cis retinoic acid on SZ95 sebocytes was abrogated by adding 20 mg bovine serum albumin per ml into the serum-free medium. These results indicate a critical function of serum albumin as retinoid-binding protein in reducing the concentration of active retinoids and restricting their biologic effects on human sebocytes.