Alex Gentle1, Neville A McBrien. 1. Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
Abstract
AIMS: Studies in avian models of myopia have shown that refractive error development can be influenced by exogenously delivered fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2. The present study sought to determine whether endogenous FGF-2 was associated with retinoscleral signalling or scleral remodelling during changes in refractive error in a mammalian model of myopia. METHODS: Myopia was induced in tree shrews over a 5-day period. One group of animals was then allowed 3 days of recovery from the induced myopia. Endogenous levels of FGF-2 were measured in scleral and retinal homogenates using ELISA. Real-time PCR was used to investigate scleral FGF-2 and FGF receptor (FGFR)-1 mRNA expression. RESULTS: No difference in FGF-2 content was found in posterior scleral or retinal extracts of myopic eyes (scleral -4+/-9%, retinal +23+/-17%) or recovering eyes (scleral -10+/-18%, retinal +1+/-13%), when compared with contralateral control eyes. In addition, no significant changes were found in scleral FGF-2 mRNA expression in myopic or recovering eyes (+106+/-56% and +14+/-12% respectively, P=0.21). However, FGF-2 concentration was significantly higher in anterior, relative to posterior, scleral regions in all animals (1602+/-105 vs 1030+/-50pg/mg respectively P<0.001). Expression of scleral FGFR-1 mRNA was upregulated in myopic eyes (+186+/-32%, P=0.01) but returned to control eye levels during recovery (+63+/-20%). CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that alterations in endogenous retinal or scleral FGF-2 levels are not associated with changes in scleral remodelling in this mammalian model of myopia. However, the reversible changes found in FGFR-1 expression in the sclera of myopic eyes mean that an indirect role for FGF-2 in the control of scleral remodelling is implicated. The anteroposterior difference found in scleral FGF-2 concentration indicates a role for this cytokine in the control of normal scleral growth and development and, presumably, eye size.
AIMS: Studies in avian models of myopia have shown that refractive error development can be influenced by exogenously delivered fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2. The present study sought to determine whether endogenous FGF-2 was associated with retinoscleral signalling or scleral remodelling during changes in refractive error in a mammalian model of myopia. METHODS:Myopia was induced in tree shrews over a 5-day period. One group of animals was then allowed 3 days of recovery from the induced myopia. Endogenous levels of FGF-2 were measured in scleral and retinal homogenates using ELISA. Real-time PCR was used to investigate scleral FGF-2 and FGF receptor (FGFR)-1 mRNA expression. RESULTS: No difference in FGF-2 content was found in posterior scleral or retinal extracts of myopic eyes (scleral -4+/-9%, retinal +23+/-17%) or recovering eyes (scleral -10+/-18%, retinal +1+/-13%), when compared with contralateral control eyes. In addition, no significant changes were found in scleral FGF-2 mRNA expression in myopic or recovering eyes (+106+/-56% and +14+/-12% respectively, P=0.21). However, FGF-2 concentration was significantly higher in anterior, relative to posterior, scleral regions in all animals (1602+/-105 vs 1030+/-50pg/mg respectively P<0.001). Expression of scleral FGFR-1 mRNA was upregulated in myopic eyes (+186+/-32%, P=0.01) but returned to control eye levels during recovery (+63+/-20%). CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that alterations in endogenous retinal or scleral FGF-2 levels are not associated with changes in scleral remodelling in this mammalian model of myopia. However, the reversible changes found in FGFR-1 expression in the sclera of myopic eyes mean that an indirect role for FGF-2 in the control of scleral remodelling is implicated. The anteroposterior difference found in scleral FGF-2 concentration indicates a role for this cytokine in the control of normal scleral growth and development and, presumably, eye size.
Authors: Donald O Mutti; Margaret E Cooper; Sarah O'Brien; Lisa A Jones; Mary L Marazita; Jeffrey C Murray; Karla Zadnik Journal: Mol Vis Date: 2007-06-28 Impact factor: 2.367
Authors: Dwight Stambolian; Robert Wojciechowski; Konrad Oexle; Mario Pirastu; Xiaohui Li; Leslie J Raffel; Mary Frances Cotch; Emily Y Chew; Barbara Klein; Ronald Klein; Tien Y Wong; Claire L Simpson; Caroline C W Klaver; Cornelia M van Duijn; Virginie J M Verhoeven; Paul N Baird; Veronique Vitart; Andrew D Paterson; Paul Mitchell; Seang Mei Saw; Maurizio Fossarello; Krista Kazmierkiewicz; Federico Murgia; Laura Portas; Maria Schache; Andrea Richardson; Jing Xie; Jie Jin Wang; Elena Rochtchina; Ananth C Viswanathan; Caroline Hayward; Alan F Wright; Ozren Polasek; Harry Campbell; Igor Rudan; Ben A Oostra; André G Uitterlinden; Albert Hofman; Fernando Rivadeneira; Najaf Amin; Lennart C Karssen; Johannes R Vingerling; S M Hosseini; Angela Döring; Thomas Bettecken; Zoran Vatavuk; Christian Gieger; H-Erich Wichmann; James F Wilson; Brian Fleck; Paul J Foster; Fotis Topouzis; Peter McGuffin; Xueling Sim; Michael Inouye; Elizabeth G Holliday; John Attia; Rodney J Scott; Jerome I Rotter; Thomas Meitinger; Joan E Bailey-Wilson Journal: Hum Mol Genet Date: 2013-03-07 Impact factor: 6.150