BACKGROUND: An increased intake of magnesium might lower blood pressure (BP), yet evidence from clinical trials is inconsistent, perhaps as a result of small sample size or heterogeneity in study design. METHODS: We performed a meta-analysis of randomized trials that tested the effects of magnesium supplementation on BP. Twenty trials meeting the inclusion criteria were identified. Random effects models and meta-regression methods were used to pool study results and to determine the dose-response relationship of magnesium to BP. RESULTS: The 20 studies included 14 of hypertensive and 6 of normotensive persons totaling 1220 participants. The doses of magnesium ranged from 10 to 40 mmol/day (median, 15.4 mmol/day). Magnesium supplementation resulted in only a small overall reduction in BP. The pooled net estimates of BP change (95% confidence interval [CI]) were -0.6 (-2.2 to 1.0) mm Hg for systolic BP and -0.8 (-1.9 to 0.4) mm Hg for diastolic BP. However, there was an apparent dose-dependent effect of magnesium, with reductions of 4.3 mm Hg systolic BP (95% CI 6.3 to 2.2; P < .001) and of 2.3 mm Hg diastolic BP (95% CI 4.9 to 0.0; P = .09) for each 10 mmol/day increase in magnesium dose. CONCLUSIONS: Our meta-analysis detected dose-dependent BP reductions from magnesium supplementation. However, adequately powered trials with sufficiently high doses of magnesium supplements need to be performed to confirm this relationship.
BACKGROUND: An increased intake of magnesium might lower blood pressure (BP), yet evidence from clinical trials is inconsistent, perhaps as a result of small sample size or heterogeneity in study design. METHODS: We performed a meta-analysis of randomized trials that tested the effects of magnesium supplementation on BP. Twenty trials meeting the inclusion criteria were identified. Random effects models and meta-regression methods were used to pool study results and to determine the dose-response relationship of magnesium to BP. RESULTS: The 20 studies included 14 of hypertensive and 6 of normotensive persons totaling 1220 participants. The doses of magnesium ranged from 10 to 40 mmol/day (median, 15.4 mmol/day). Magnesium supplementation resulted in only a small overall reduction in BP. The pooled net estimates of BP change (95% confidence interval [CI]) were -0.6 (-2.2 to 1.0) mm Hg for systolic BP and -0.8 (-1.9 to 0.4) mm Hg for diastolic BP. However, there was an apparent dose-dependent effect of magnesium, with reductions of 4.3 mm Hg systolic BP (95% CI 6.3 to 2.2; P < .001) and of 2.3 mm Hg diastolic BP (95% CI 4.9 to 0.0; P = .09) for each 10 mmol/day increase in magnesium dose. CONCLUSIONS: Our meta-analysis detected dose-dependent BP reductions from magnesium supplementation. However, adequately powered trials with sufficiently high doses of magnesium supplements need to be performed to confirm this relationship.
Authors: Rebecca B Costello; Ronald J Elin; Andrea Rosanoff; Taylor C Wallace; Fernando Guerrero-Romero; Adela Hruby; Pamela L Lutsey; Forrest H Nielsen; Martha Rodriguez-Moran; Yiqing Song; Linda V Van Horn Journal: Adv Nutr Date: 2016-11-15 Impact factor: 8.701
Authors: Mei Chung; Ethan M Balk; Stanley Ip; Gowri Raman; Winifred W Yu; Thomas A Trikalinos; Alice H Lichtenstein; Elizabeth A Yetley; Joseph Lau Journal: Am J Clin Nutr Date: 2009-02-25 Impact factor: 7.045
Authors: Daniel T Dibaba; Pengcheng Xun; Yiqing Song; Andrea Rosanoff; Michael Shechter; Ka He Journal: Am J Clin Nutr Date: 2017-07-19 Impact factor: 7.045
Authors: Scott T McClure; Casey M Rebholz; Sibyl Medabalimi; Emily A Hu; Zhe Xu; Elizabeth Selvin; Lawrence J Appel Journal: Am J Clin Nutr Date: 2019-05-01 Impact factor: 7.045
Authors: Edgar R Miller; Lisa A Cooper; Kathryn A Carson; Nae-Yuh Wang; Lawrence J Appel; Debra Gayles; Jeanne Charleston; Karen White; Na You; Yingjie Weng; Michelle Martin-Daniels; Barbara Bates-Hopkins; Inez Robb; Whitney K Franz; Emily L Brown; Jennifer P Halbert; Michael C Albert; Arlene T Dalcin; Hsin-Chieh Yeh Journal: Am J Prev Med Date: 2015-08-29 Impact factor: 5.043