Frontoorbital volume reductions in adult patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common psychiatric disorder in childhood and adolescence and in a considerable number of patients it persists into adulthood. A network of brain regions have been shown to be abnormal in ADHD. In the present study we used magnetic resonance volumetry to investigate a possible role of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Eight never medicated male patients fulfilling diagnostic criteria for ADHD and 17 male healthy controls were investigated. There was a significant reduction of the volume of the left OFC in patients with ADHD. It remains unknown whether small volumes are a primary deficit or a result of dysfunctional activation during childhood in terms of a residual deficit or a specific type of adult outcome of the disease.