Gingival disorders of immune origin.

Loss of the regulatory control of the immune and inflammatory defense mechanisms of the body can lead to host tissue damage, as a result of a series of complex mechanisms. In the oral cavity, and particularly in the gingival region, these dysfunctions can manifest in association to some background systemic disorder either as lesions confined to the mouth or as lesions heralding posterior florid manifestations. A review is made of the clinical changes, possible immunopathological mechanisms and diagnostic and management options in relation to pemphigus vulgaris, benign mucous membrane pemphigoid, cicatricial pemphigoid and lichen planus.