E O Bixler1, A N Vgontzas, H-M Lin, A Vela-Bueno, A Kales. 1. Department of Psychiatry, Sleep Research and Treatment Center, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA. eob1@psu.edu
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Establish the association between insomnia and various physical and mental health symptoms as well as objective measures of sleep disturbance while controlling for age, gender and BMI in a large random sample of the general public. METHODS: A subsample (N=1741) was selected for a single-night sleep laboratory evaluation from a larger random sample (N=16,583) of the general public (20-100 years old). RESULTS: The prevalence of insomnia was 7.5% and difficulty sleeping an additional 22.4%. The complaints were more frequent in women and in non-Caucasian minorities. A multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that depression was the single strongest factor followed by female gender associated with either insomnia or difficulty sleeping. Minority status and a history of colitis, hypertension and anemia were also associated, but to a lesser degree. The final model did not include age, BMI as well as any of the sleep laboratory findings. CONCLUSION: These findings support the conclusion that mental health variables have the primary independent association with a complaint of insomnia. Other factors including minorities and hypertension are also independently associated, though to a lesser degree. Other primary sleep disorders, e.g., sleep apnea, do not seem to play a major role in insomnia. These findings underscore the fact that insomnia is a symptom associated with a wide variety of mental and physical health problems requiring a proper psychiatric and medical management.
OBJECTIVE: Establish the association between insomnia and various physical and mental health symptoms as well as objective measures of sleep disturbance while controlling for age, gender and BMI in a large random sample of the general public. METHODS: A subsample (N=1741) was selected for a single-night sleep laboratory evaluation from a larger random sample (N=16,583) of the general public (20-100 years old). RESULTS: The prevalence of insomnia was 7.5% and difficulty sleeping an additional 22.4%. The complaints were more frequent in women and in non-Caucasian minorities. A multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that depression was the single strongest factor followed by female gender associated with either insomnia or difficulty sleeping. Minority status and a history of colitis, hypertension and anemia were also associated, but to a lesser degree. The final model did not include age, BMI as well as any of the sleep laboratory findings. CONCLUSION: These findings support the conclusion that mental health variables have the primary independent association with a complaint of insomnia. Other factors including minorities and hypertension are also independently associated, though to a lesser degree. Other primary sleep disorders, e.g., sleep apnea, do not seem to play a major role in insomnia. These findings underscore the fact that insomnia is a symptom associated with a wide variety of mental and physical health problems requiring a proper psychiatric and medical management.
Authors: Julio Fernandez-Mendoza; Susan L Calhoun; Edward O Bixler; Maria Karataraki; Duanping Liao; Antonio Vela-Bueno; María Jose Ramos-Platon; Katherine A Sauder; Maria Basta; Alexandros N Vgontzas Journal: Psychosom Med Date: 2010-10-26 Impact factor: 4.312
Authors: Ravi Singareddy; Alexandros N Vgontzas; Julio Fernandez-Mendoza; Duanping Liao; Susan Calhoun; Michele L Shaffer; Edward O Bixler Journal: Sleep Med Date: 2012-03-17 Impact factor: 3.492