Deprivation and stillbirth risk in rural and urban areas.

The objective of the study was to investigate whether stillbirth risk was higher, and the effect of deprivation on inequality in stillbirth risk more marked, in rural than in urban areas. We carried out a cohort study of all 280 757 singleton births to mothers domiciled in Cumbria, north-west England, 1950-92. After allowing for individual social class and community deprivation, the risk of stillbirth was lower outside urban centres both during 1950-65 (OR = 0.91, 95% CI 0.84, 1.00) and during 1966-92 (OR = 0.82, 95% CI 0.73, 0.92). In earlier years, unsupported mothers in rural areas and mothers living in remote areas were particularly at risk. Urban/rural differences in risk were not explained by individual social class, community deprivation or overcrowding and have persisted over a 40-year time period.