Habituation and cross-sensitization of stress-induced hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activity: effect of lesions in the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus or bed nuclei of the stria terminalis.

Habituation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) response to chronic intermittent restraint stress (30 min/day for 15 days) and the cross-sensitization to a heterotypic stress [i.p. lipopolysaccharide (LPS)] were investigated in intact male Sprague Dawley rats, and in rats bearing quinolinic acid lesions to the medial anterior bed nuclei of the stria terminalis (BST) or anterior region of the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT). In intact animals, a single period of restraint increased plasma corticosterone levels at 30 min and led to an increase in corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) mRNA levels in the PVN at 3 h. LPS had a smaller effect on corticosterone and more variable effect on CRH mRNA. Chronic intermittent restraint stress caused a decrease in body weight and increase in adrenal weights, with concomitant increase in basal corticosterone levels. These animals also displayed marked habituation of the corticosterone and CRH mRNA responses to the homotypic stress of restraint, but no loss of the corticosterone response to the heterotypic stress of LPS and a cross-sensitization of the CRH mRNA response. This pattern of stress responses in control and chronically stressed animals was not significantly affected by lesions to the PVT or BST, two areas which have been implicated in the coping response to stress. Thus, these data provide evidence for independent adaptive mechanisms regulating HPA responses to psychological and immune stressors, but suggest that neither the medial anterior BST nor the anterior PVT participate in the mechanisms of habituation or cross-sensitization.