Susceptibility to murine cholesterol gallstone formation is not affected by partial disruption of the HDL receptor SR-BI.

High density lipoprotein (HDL) promotes reverse cholesterol transport from peripheral tissues to the liver where its cholesterol is secreted preferentially into bile. The scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) is believed to play a pivotal role in unloading HDL cholesterol and its ester to hepatocytes. Here, using male SR-BI "att" mice with a dysfunctional mutation in the Sr-b1 promoter, we studied whether approximately 50% of normal SR-BI expression influences gallstone susceptibility in these mice fed a lithogenic diet containing 1% cholesterol, 0.5% cholic acid and 15% butterfat. Our results showed that the disruption of SR-BI expression reduced cholesterol secretion by 37% in the chow-fed state and 10% on the lithogenic diet, and while delaying incidence slightly, did not influence cumulative susceptibility to cholesterol gallstones. The lithogenic diet induced marked increases in biliary cholesterol and phospholipid secretion rates but not of bile salts. Basal expression of hepatic SR-BI protein was dissimilar in both wild-type and SR-BI mice, and remained unaltered in response to the lithogenic diet. By two independent dual isotope methods, intestinal cholesterol absorption was unimpaired by attenuation of the SR-BI which also displays low-density expression on small intestinal enterocytes. We conclude that although HDL cholesterol is a principal source of biliary cholesterol in the basal state, uptake of cholesterol from chylomicron remnants appears to be the major contributor to biliary cholesterol hypersecretion during diet-induced cholelithogenesis in the mouse.