Fungal endocarditis, 1995-2000.

One hundred fifty-two cases of fungal endocarditis (FE) were identified in the English-language literature between January 1, 1995, and June 30, 2000. Although the median age of patients (44 years) was relatively young, injection drug use was identified as a risk factor in only 4.1% of cases. Other factors, including underlying cardiac abnormalities (47.3%), prosthetic valves (44.6%), and central venous catheters (30.4%), were more commonly identified as predisposing conditions and reflect the changing epidemiology of the syndrome. Unfortunately, mortality remains unacceptably high, particularly for patients with Aspergillus-related FE. Novel therapies are needed to improve patient outcomes.