Demonstration of a Mamillo-Ponto-Cerebellar Pathway.

The pathway from the mamillary complex to the cerebellum via the pontine nuclei has been studied using several anterograde and retrograde tracing techniques in the cat. We have also compared the pontine terminal regions of fibres from the mamillary complex and from the cingulate gyrus. Implantations of crystalline horseradish peroxidase wheat germ agglutinin (HRP-WGA) in the mamillary complex and lesions of the cingulate gyrus were combined in the same animal with injections of HRP-WGA, rhodamine-B-isothiocyanate (RITC), and Fluoro-Gold in different parts of the cerebellar hemisphere. Fibres from both the mamillary complex and the cingulate gyrus terminate mainly within a transversely oriented, c-shaped band in the ipsilateral, rostral pontine nuclei. Within this band the terminal fields of fibres from the mamillary complex and the cingulate gyrus form a mosaic-like pattern of partly overlapping patches. Pontine regions receiving a mamillary input project mainly to the ventral paraflocculus, and to a lesser degree to the dorsal paraflocculus, but apparently not to the uvula or crus II. Judging from the literature it seems highly unlikely that other parts of the cerebellar hemispheres received projections from these pontine regions. Fibres from the ventral paraflocculus were shown to terminate in the parvicellular part of the lateral cerebellar nucleus only. The present findings would seem to imply that inputs from the mamillary complex and a related cortical region, the cingulate gyrus, are partly integrated, partly kept separate at the precerebellar level. This would ensure that small groups of cells in the rostral pontine nuclei receive a specific set of afferents. Conceivably, the information transmitted to the cerebellum by these groups of pontine cells might be related to functions of the mamillary complex, such as learning, motivation, and spatial memory.