Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and hemolytic uremic syndrome following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

We monitored the levels of various cytokines and chemokines, as well as an adhesion molecule and factors related to vascular endothelial damage, in three patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and hemolytic uremic syndrome after bone marrow transplantation. Measurements were done at the onset of this condition and during plasma exchange for treatment. At the onset of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and hemolytic uremic syndrome, the levels of interleukin-8, thrombomodulin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 were all markedly increased. A close relationship was observed between improvement in symptoms by plasma exchange and a decrease in interleukin-8 level, suggesting that this chemokine may be related to the development of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and hemolytic uremic syndrome after bone marrow transplantation.