Abnormal profile of human nucleolytic activity as a test for cancer.

Serum samples from patients with various malignancies including acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL), brain tumor (BT), Hodgkin's disease (HD), and non Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) were evaluated for nucleolytic activity against six synthetic polynucleotides: polyadenylic acid, polyuridylic acid, polycytidylic acid, polyguanylic acid, polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid, and polyguanylic-polycytidylic acid; The enzyme activity was determined spectrophotometrically by following the degradation of substrate to acid-soluble nucleotides. Most patients had elevated serum RNase activity at the 95% confidence level when compared to 30 controls. Included in this group were 67% of patients with ANLL, 46% of patients with BT, 73% of patients with HD, and 67% of patients with NHL. These data confirmed the earlier suggestion that elevated serum nuclease activity is found in patients with neoplastic disease. However, whether or not a serum was identified as abnormal depended on the substrate used in the assay; this underscored the need to test samples against a variety of polynucleotides. Alterations in serum nucleolytic activity represent an important marker of neoplastic disease and can serve as the basis for a useful clinical screening device.