Amyloid fibrils from the mammalian protein prothymosin alpha.

Mammalian prothymosin alpha, a small (12 kDa) and extremely acidic protein (pI 3.5), is a member of the growing family of 'natively' unfolded proteins. We demonstrate that at low pH ( approximately 3) and high concentrations, prothymosin alpha is capable of forming regular elongated fibrils with flat ribbon structure 4-5 nm in height and 12-13 nm in width as judged from scanning force and electron microscopy. These aggregates induced a characteristic spectral shift of thioflavin T fluorescence and their circular dichroism spectra were indicative of significant beta-sheet content, suggesting formation of classical amyloid. Our findings indicate that natively unfolded proteins may have a general propensity to form amyloid fibrils under conditions inducing partially folded conformations.