Bacterial anti-apoptotic activities.

Cell death by apoptosis is a common response to environmental stimuli and a frequent event in a multicellular organism. Not surprisingly, apoptosis is also found in microbial infections where it may contribute to progression and outcome. Perhaps less predictably, a number of bacteria have also been found to alleviate or even to inhibit apoptosis. Today we are at a point where our in some parts detailed knowledge of the molecular pathway to apoptosis allows us to probe situations in biology for the occurrence of apoptosis and to inquire into mechanisms of apoptosis induction and inhibition. In this brief article we will focus on anti-apoptotic activities exhibited by various bacteria. We will attempt to present the current knowledge on how the contact between mammalian and bacterial cell decrees resistance to apoptosis, what the respective contributions of the two partners are and how this interaction relates to the molecular path to apoptosis.