Innovation and surgical techniques: endoscopic resection of cervical branchiogenic cysts.

The recent advent of endoscopic procedures has compelled both plastic and neck and head surgeons to reconsider the conventional methods by which the excision of cervical congenital cystic is classically achieved.An endoscopic approach for excision of the cervical congenital cystic is described. This procedure is anatomically safe and can be made with minimal morbidity through a small transcervical incision. Both specific instruments and solid anatomical knowledge are necessary to perform a safe and efficient cystic endoscopic excision. The essential surgical steps are as follows: 1. Minimal incision placed in natural cervical wrinkle over the dome of the cyst; 2. Intracystic or extracystic dissection; 3. Identification and protection of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, spinal nerve, hypoglossi nerve, and posterior belly of digastric muscle; 4. Careful dissection of the posterior surface of the cyst, avoiding injury on the carotid vessels and internal jugular vein. Eight patients were operated on with this technique and they were very pleased with postoperative comfort and aesthetic results. Inconspicuous scars and no complications were registered. With advanced endoscopic instruments and the development of new surgical technique and surgeon experience, the endoscopic surgery can be the method of choice in cervical excision of branchiogenic cysts.