Measurement of clinical performance of nurses: a literature review.

Despite a 40-year history of researching and developing an instrument for measurement of clinical competence in nursing, there are none that are universally accepted for this purpose. This article presents a critical review of the research, which has been carried out to explore the measurement of nurses' clinical performance. To search the literature in a systematic manner, the criteria stipulated by the Cochrane Research Database were applied. The review showed that assessment tools have been developed using a variety of different methods and several instruments were found to have been developed but nothing that is universally accepted. However, the authors found that the pathway for instrument generation suggested by Smith and Kendall (1963) offers a robust approach to the generation of such a tool regardless of the practice setting. Other methods identified in this literature review also offer interested researchers an opportunity to explore the current role of the nurse, as well as the possibility of developing tools for assessing the performance of students at various stages in their education and nurses at various times after qualification. Copyright 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.