Orthopaedic care of children with spina bifida: you've come a long way, baby!

The prognosis of children born with spina bifida has dramatically changed in the past several decades. Children with spina bifida with appropriate medical care can now expect to live into adulthood. Orthopaedic care of children with spina bifida has evolved to increase function, promote long-term mobility, and improve overall health. This article looks at current orthopaedic treatment against the backdrop of historical care. Treatment of the foot, knee, hip, and spine are reviewed, as well as neurologic implications. Issues of ambulation, orthotics, assistive devices, and insensate skin are addressed.