OBJECTIVE: Previous studies show a wide range in the percentage of variance in leptin levels attributable to genetic factors. These studies differ markedly with respect to ethnicity, study design, and statistical methodology. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate heterogeneity hypotheses across ethnic groups and by adiposity level, using the same statistical methods. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Samples included black vs. white (HERITAGE Family Study) and random vs. obese (Québec Family Study) individuals from 432 families (1432 individuals). Heritability for leptin, alternatively adjusted for age and sex and then for age, sex, and adiposity was estimated with the use of familial correlations. Heterogeneity in the magnitude of the familial resemblance between samples and the effect of adjusting for adiposity was explored. RESULTS: Heritability did not vary across samples stratified by adiposity level or ethnic group or across adjustment schemes. Maximal heritability, the percentage of additive phenotypic variability due to all familial sources, was 32%. DISCUSSION: Whereas leptin and adiposity were highly correlated within individuals, removing the effects of adiposity did not significantly alter the magnitude of the familial component for leptin. Moreover, this effect did not vary as a function of ethnicity (black vs. white) or adiposity level. Thus, no evidence for heterogeneity was detected. However, a comparison among previous studies raises questions concerning possible genetic heterogeneity in other ethnic groups in which complex interactions among leptin, adiposity, and diabetes status may be important.
OBJECTIVE: Previous studies show a wide range in the percentage of variance in leptin levels attributable to genetic factors. These studies differ markedly with respect to ethnicity, study design, and statistical methodology. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate heterogeneity hypotheses across ethnic groups and by adiposity level, using the same statistical methods. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Samples included black vs. white (HERITAGE Family Study) and random vs. obese (Québec Family Study) individuals from 432 families (1432 individuals). Heritability for leptin, alternatively adjusted for age and sex and then for age, sex, and adiposity was estimated with the use of familial correlations. Heterogeneity in the magnitude of the familial resemblance between samples and the effect of adjusting for adiposity was explored. RESULTS: Heritability did not vary across samples stratified by adiposity level or ethnic group or across adjustment schemes. Maximal heritability, the percentage of additive phenotypic variability due to all familial sources, was 32%. DISCUSSION: Whereas leptin and adiposity were highly correlated within individuals, removing the effects of adiposity did not significantly alter the magnitude of the familial component for leptin. Moreover, this effect did not vary as a function of ethnicity (black vs. white) or adiposity level. Thus, no evidence for heterogeneity was detected. However, a comparison among previous studies raises questions concerning possible genetic heterogeneity in other ethnic groups in which complex interactions among leptin, adiposity, and diabetes status may be important.
Authors: Jiankang Liu; Kenneth R Butler; Sarah G Buxbaum; Jung Hye Sung; Brenda W Campbell; Herman A Taylor Journal: Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) Date: 2009-05-16 Impact factor: 3.478
Authors: Robert Ross; Bret H Goodpaster; Lauren G Koch; Mark A Sarzynski; Wendy M Kohrt; Neil M Johannsen; James S Skinner; Alex Castro; Brian A Irving; Robert C Noland; Lauren M Sparks; Guillaume Spielmann; Andrew G Day; Werner Pitsch; William G Hopkins; Claude Bouchard Journal: Br J Sports Med Date: 2019-03-12 Impact factor: 13.800
Authors: Hanieh Yaghootkar; Yiying Zhang; Cassandra N Spracklen; Tugce Karaderi; Lam Opal Huang; Jonathan Bradfield; Claudia Schurmann; Rebecca S Fine; Michael H Preuss; Zoltan Kutalik; Laura B L Wittemans; Yingchang Lu; Sophia Metz; Sara M Willems; Ruifang Li-Gao; Niels Grarup; Shuai Wang; Sophie Molnos; América A Sandoval-Zárate; Mike A Nalls; Leslie A Lange; Jeffrey Haesser; Xiuqing Guo; Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen; Mary F Feitosa; Colleen M Sitlani; Cristina Venturini; Anubha Mahajan; Tim Kacprowski; Carol A Wang; Daniel I Chasman; Najaf Amin; Linda Broer; Neil Robertson; Kristin L Young; Matthew Allison; Paul L Auer; Matthias Blüher; Judith B Borja; Jette Bork-Jensen; Germán D Carrasquilla; Paraskevi Christofidou; Ayse Demirkan; Claudia A Doege; Melissa E Garcia; Mariaelisa Graff; Kaiying Guo; Hakon Hakonarson; Jaeyoung Hong; Yii-Der Ida Chen; Rebecca Jackson; Hermina Jakupović; Pekka Jousilahti; Anne E Justice; Mika Kähönen; Jorge R Kizer; Jennifer Kriebel; Charles A LeDuc; Jin Li; Lars Lind; Jian'an Luan; David A Mackey; Massimo Mangino; Satu Männistö; Jayne F Martin Carli; Carolina Medina-Gomez; Dennis O Mook-Kanamori; Andrew P Morris; Renée de Mutsert; Matthias Nauck; Ivana Prokic; Craig E Pennell; Arund D Pradhan; Bruce M Psaty; Olli T Raitakari; Robert A Scott; Tea Skaaby; Konstantin Strauch; Kent D Taylor; Alexander Teumer; Andre G Uitterlinden; Ying Wu; Jie Yao; Mark Walker; Kari E North; Peter Kovacs; M Arfan Ikram; Cornelia M van Duijn; Paul M Ridker; Stephen Lye; Georg Homuth; Erik Ingelsson; Tim D Spector; Barbara McKnight; Michael A Province; Terho Lehtimäki; Linda S Adair; Jerome I Rotter; Alexander P Reiner; James G Wilson; Tamara B Harris; Samuli Ripatti; Harald Grallert; James B Meigs; Veikko Salomaa; Torben Hansen; Ko Willems van Dijk; Nicholas J Wareham; Struan F A Grant; Claudia Langenberg; Timothy M Frayling; Cecilia M Lindgren; Karen L Mohlke; Rudolph L Leibel; Ruth J F Loos; Tuomas O Kilpeläinen Journal: Diabetes Date: 2020-09-11 Impact factor: 9.461
Authors: Tuomas O Kilpeläinen; Jayne F Martin Carli; Alicja A Skowronski; Qi Sun; Jennifer Kriebel; Mary F Feitosa; Åsa K Hedman; Alexander W Drong; James E Hayes; Jinghua Zhao; Tune H Pers; Ursula Schick; Niels Grarup; Zoltán Kutalik; Stella Trompet; Massimo Mangino; Kati Kristiansson; Marian Beekman; Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen; Joel Eriksson; Peter Henneman; Jari Lahti; Toshiko Tanaka; Jian'an Luan; Fabiola Del Greco M; Dorota Pasko; Frida Renström; Sara M Willems; Anubha Mahajan; Lynda M Rose; Xiuqing Guo; Yongmei Liu; Marcus E Kleber; Louis Pérusse; Tom Gaunt; Tarunveer S Ahluwalia; Yun Ju Sung; Yolande F Ramos; Najaf Amin; Antoinette Amuzu; Inês Barroso; Claire Bellis; John Blangero; Brendan M Buckley; Stefan Böhringer; Yii-Der I Chen; Anton J N de Craen; David R Crosslin; Caroline E Dale; Zari Dastani; Felix R Day; Joris Deelen; Graciela E Delgado; Ayse Demirkan; Francis M Finucane; Ian Ford; Melissa E Garcia; Christian Gieger; Stefan Gustafsson; Göran Hallmans; Susan E Hankinson; Aki S Havulinna; Christian Herder; Dena Hernandez; Andrew A Hicks; David J Hunter; Thomas Illig; Erik Ingelsson; Andreea Ioan-Facsinay; John-Olov Jansson; Nancy S Jenny; Marit E Jørgensen; Torben Jørgensen; Magnus Karlsson; Wolfgang Koenig; Peter Kraft; Joanneke Kwekkeboom; Tiina Laatikainen; Karl-Heinz Ladwig; Charles A LeDuc; Gordon Lowe; Yingchang Lu; Pedro Marques-Vidal; Christa Meisinger; Cristina Menni; Andrew P Morris; Richard H Myers; Satu Männistö; Mike A Nalls; Lavinia Paternoster; Annette Peters; Aruna D Pradhan; Tuomo Rankinen; Laura J Rasmussen-Torvik; Wolfgang Rathmann; Treva K Rice; J Brent Richards; Paul M Ridker; Naveed Sattar; David B Savage; Stefan Söderberg; Nicholas J Timpson; Liesbeth Vandenput; Diana van Heemst; Hae-Won Uh; Marie-Claude Vohl; Mark Walker; Heinz-Erich Wichmann; Elisabeth Widén; Andrew R Wood; Jie Yao; Tanja Zeller; Yiying Zhang; Ingrid Meulenbelt; Margreet Kloppenburg; Arne Astrup; Thorkild I A Sørensen; Mark A Sarzynski; D C Rao; Pekka Jousilahti; Erkki Vartiainen; Albert Hofman; Fernando Rivadeneira; André G Uitterlinden; Eero Kajantie; Clive Osmond; Aarno Palotie; Johan G Eriksson; Markku Heliövaara; Paul B Knekt; Seppo Koskinen; Antti Jula; Markus Perola; Risto K Huupponen; Jorma S Viikari; Mika Kähönen; Terho Lehtimäki; Olli T Raitakari; Dan Mellström; Mattias Lorentzon; Juan P Casas; Stefanie Bandinelli; Winfried März; Aaron Isaacs; Ko W van Dijk; Cornelia M van Duijn; Tamara B Harris; Claude Bouchard; Matthew A Allison; Daniel I Chasman; Claes Ohlsson; Lars Lind; Robert A Scott; Claudia Langenberg; Nicholas J Wareham; Luigi Ferrucci; Timothy M Frayling; Peter P Pramstaller; Ingrid B Borecki; Dawn M Waterworth; Sven Bergmann; Gérard Waeber; Peter Vollenweider; Henrik Vestergaard; Torben Hansen; Oluf Pedersen; Frank B Hu; P Eline Slagboom; Harald Grallert; Tim D Spector; J W Jukema; Robert J Klein; Erik E Schadt; Paul W Franks; Cecilia M Lindgren; Rudolph L Leibel; Ruth J F Loos Journal: Nat Commun Date: 2016-02-01 Impact factor: 14.919