Prior invasive pulmonary and cerebellar mucormycosis is not a primary contraindication to perform an autologous stem cell transplatation in leukemia.

Mucormycosis infections, caused by fungi of the families Rhizopus, Mucor or Absidia, are typically rapidly progressive and often fatal. We report a 27-year-old male with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) developing an invasive pulmonary-CNS mucormycosis during the neutropenic period after salvage induction chemotherapy; the infection was successfully controlled with surgery and antifungal therapy. The patient received two courses of consolidation chemotherapy and underwent autologous stem cells transplantation (ASCT) while receiving secondary antifungal systemic prophylaxis with liposomal Amphotericin B (L-AMB, Ambisome). There was no clinical, radiological or microbiological evidence of mycotic reactivation during the bone marrow transplantation (BMT) procedure.