Misdiagnosis in vertebral osteomyelitis: problems and factors.

One hundred and one cases diagnosed with vertebral osteomyelitis were evaluated for misdiagnosis and both factors and outcomes of misdiagnosis were assessed. There were 67 patients with tuberculous spondylitis and 34 patients with pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis. Misdiagnosis occurred in 33.7 per cent of the cases. The average delayed diagnosis time was 2.6 months (range, 0.2 to 12). Age between 60 to 70 years was the most frequent group for misdiagnosis, while the most frequent area of misdiagnosis was the lumbar spine. Metastatic carcinoma, spinal stenosis, herniated nucleus palposus and back strain were common initial misdiagnoses. The factors, age group, absence of fever and positive straight leg raising test (SLRT) were associated with misdiagnosis in univariate analysis and multivariate analysis (odds ratio 3.40 (95%CI:1.07-11.94), 3.47 (95%CI:1.20-10.05), and 24.47 (95%CI:2.18-274.28), respectively) Misdiagnosis was statistically significantly associated with the result of treatment. This paper emphasizes that the elderly age group, absence of fever and positive SLRT are the independent factors which increase the risk of misdiagnosis of vertebral osteomyelitis.