Infant gender differences regarding acute established pain.

The purpose of this study was to ascertain if any gender differences existed in the behaviors of infants experiencing different levels of acute established pain and different levels of arousal within each level of pain. To do this, the behaviors of 152 two-week- to 12-month-old infants were videotaped and compared. Levels of pain were assessed by a panel of expert pediatric nurses. Results indicated that female 2-week- to 6-month-old infants performed more generally broadcast crying than did males and that the cries of female 7- to 12-month-old infants were of higher pitch than those of males. There was no gender difference in any facial or other bodily behavior. One cannot interpolate from these results that there are any gender differences in pain thresholds, only that there seem to be gender differences in behavioral responses to acute established pain.