Synergistic approaches in the surgical treatment of heart failure: complex solutions for complex problems.

In the current era, with a high incidence and prevalence of heart failure, cardiologists are developing a wide range of medical therapies for this population. Working in synergy with pharmacologic therapies, surgeons are developing several innovative surgical procedures to address mechanical problems in heart failure patients that will stabilize and reverse the complex problem of heart failure. Copyright 2002, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.