OBJECTIVES: This study examined whether differences in heat alone, as opposed to public health interventions or other factors, accounted for the reduction in heat-related deaths and paramedic emergency medical service (EMS) runs between 1995 and 1999 during 2 heat waves occurring in Milwaukee, Wis. METHODS: Two previously described prediction models were adapted to compare expected and observed heat-related morbidity and mortality in 1999 based on the city's 1995 experience. RESULTS: Both models showed that heat-related deaths and EMS runs in 1999 were at least 49% lower than levels predicted by the 1995 relation between heat and heat-related deaths or EMS runs. CONCLUSIONS: Reductions in heat-related morbidity and mortality in 1999 were not attributable to differences in heat levels alone. Changes in public health preparedness and response may also have contributed to these reductions.
OBJECTIVES: This study examined whether differences in heat alone, as opposed to public health interventions or other factors, accounted for the reduction in heat-related deaths and paramedic emergency medical service (EMS) runs between 1995 and 1999 during 2 heat waves occurring in Milwaukee, Wis. METHODS: Two previously described prediction models were adapted to compare expected and observed heat-related morbidity and mortality in 1999 based on the city's 1995 experience. RESULTS: Both models showed that heat-related deaths and EMS runs in 1999 were at least 49% lower than levels predicted by the 1995 relation between heat and heat-related deaths or EMS runs. CONCLUSIONS: Reductions in heat-related morbidity and mortality in 1999 were not attributable to differences in heat levels alone. Changes in public health preparedness and response may also have contributed to these reductions.
Authors: T S Jones; A P Liang; E M Kilbourne; M R Griffin; P A Patriarca; S G Wassilak; R J Mullan; R F Herrick; H D Donnell; K Choi; S B Thacker Journal: JAMA Date: 1982-06-25 Impact factor: 56.272
Authors: F K de'Donato; M Stafoggia; M Rognoni; S Poncino; N Caranci; L Bisanti; M Demaria; F Forastiere; P Michelozzi; R Pelosini; C A Perucci Journal: Int J Biometeorol Date: 2007-11-21 Impact factor: 3.787
Authors: A Fouillet; G Rey; V Wagner; K Laaidi; P Empereur-Bissonnet; A Le Tertre; P Frayssinet; P Bessemoulin; F Laurent; P De Crouy-Chanel; E Jougla; D Hémon Journal: Int J Epidemiol Date: 2008-01-13 Impact factor: 7.196
Authors: Marie S O'Neill; Dana K Jackman; Michelle Wyman; Xico Manarolla; Carina J Gronlund; Daniel G Brown; Shannon J Brines; Joel Schwartz; Ana V Diez-Roux Journal: Int J Public Health Date: 2009-09-23 Impact factor: 3.380