OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect and importance of the therapeutic class of a drug as a determinant for verbal counseling by community pharmacists. METHODS: Direct external observations (n = 1431) of pharmacist-customer interactions at the point of delivery of prescription medicines were conducted in 7 community pharmacies in Finland. Trained observers noted whether the pharmacist provided information on directions for use, mode of action, and adverse effects. To examine factors associated with counseling, a multiple logistic regression analysis was constructed, with the dependent variable being counseling of any of the 3 observed topics. In addition to therapeutic class, other independent variables were the pharmacy; pharmacist's age, gender, and degree; and the customer's age, gender, previous use of medicine, and question asking. RESULTS: Provision of counseling differed significantly according to therapeutic classes. Counseling on any of the 3 observed topics was most likely to be provided for customers with antibiotics (80%) and least likely for customers with gynecologic preparations (18%). Differences between therapeutic classes remained statistically significant when the effects of the other variables were controlled for. Other significant predictors for any verbal counseling were the pharmacy, customer's previous use of the medicine, and question asking. CONCLUSIONS: Therapeutic class is an important variable that should be included in further studies and considered when comparing studies on patient counseling in community pharmacies.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect and importance of the therapeutic class of a drug as a determinant for verbal counseling by community pharmacists. METHODS: Direct external observations (n = 1431) of pharmacist-customer interactions at the point of delivery of prescription medicines were conducted in 7 community pharmacies in Finland. Trained observers noted whether the pharmacist provided information on directions for use, mode of action, and adverse effects. To examine factors associated with counseling, a multiple logistic regression analysis was constructed, with the dependent variable being counseling of any of the 3 observed topics. In addition to therapeutic class, other independent variables were the pharmacy; pharmacist's age, gender, and degree; and the customer's age, gender, previous use of medicine, and question asking. RESULTS: Provision of counseling differed significantly according to therapeutic classes. Counseling on any of the 3 observed topics was most likely to be provided for customers with antibiotics (80%) and least likely for customers with gynecologic preparations (18%). Differences between therapeutic classes remained statistically significant when the effects of the other variables were controlled for. Other significant predictors for any verbal counseling were the pharmacy, customer's previous use of the medicine, and question asking. CONCLUSIONS: Therapeutic class is an important variable that should be included in further studies and considered when comparing studies on patient counseling in community pharmacies.
Authors: J Simon Bell; S Elina Aaltonen; Elina Bronstein; Franciska A Desplenter; Veerle Foulon; Anna Vitola; Ruta Muceniece; Manjiri S Gharat; Daisy Volmer; Marja S Airaksinen; Timothy F Chen Journal: Pharm World Sci Date: 2008-03-23