Case manager role. A content analysis of published literature.

The case manager (CM) role is in its third decade of existence. However, there remains a lack of continuity in definition, educational level and qualifications, and the needed experience for role performance. This article presents the results of a content analysis of the published literature, conducted at two points in time, in an attempt to clarify common qualifications and skills needed for role implementation. The results suggest that the CM role requires interpersonal skills, and knowledge of planning, economic and evaluation strategies. Comparison of data for the two measurement times revealed an increased emphasis on the need to work in groups, conduct cost accounting, and facilitate change. Outcome measurement and ongoing evaluation experienced a decline in importance at the time of the second analysis. The ability to critically think, communicate and practice with clinical expertise emerge as inherent qualities of the role. Educational and experiential background remain ill defined in the literature.