PURPOSE: To review the uses and previously proposed mechanisms of action of amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) and to suggest a new mechanism of action for the effectiveness of AMT in resolving a persistent epithelial defect (PED). METHODS: Significant clinical and experimental publications are reviewed. RESULTS: Evidence from the scientific literature suggests a new hypothesis for the effectiveness of AMT in the reepithelialization of a PED and the reduction of corneal stromal inflammation and continued fibrosis. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that reepithelialization of a PED, and hence the reduction of stromal inflammation and continued fibrosis following reepithelialization, is aided by the combination of oxygenation, moisture and protection of the fragile epithelium by the amniotic membrane.
PURPOSE: To review the uses and previously proposed mechanisms of action of amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) and to suggest a new mechanism of action for the effectiveness of AMT in resolving a persistent epithelial defect (PED). METHODS: Significant clinical and experimental publications are reviewed. RESULTS: Evidence from the scientific literature suggests a new hypothesis for the effectiveness of AMT in the reepithelialization of a PED and the reduction of corneal stromal inflammation and continued fibrosis. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that reepithelialization of a PED, and hence the reduction of stromal inflammation and continued fibrosis following reepithelialization, is aided by the combination of oxygenation, moisture and protection of the fragile epithelium by the amniotic membrane.