Towards evidence based emergency medicine: best BETs from the Manchester Royal Infirmary. Intravenous or intramuscular/subcutaneous naloxone in opioid overdose.

A short cut review was carried out to establish whether intramuscular/subcutaneous naloxone is better than intravenous naloxone in opioid overdose. Altogether 185 papers were found using the reported search, of which two presented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. The author, date and country of publication, patient group studied, study type, relevant outcomes, results and study weaknesses of these best papers are tabulated. A clinical bottom line is stated.