BACKGROUND: HIV-1 infection is associated with an increased incidence of and mortality from tuberculosis. Few community studies have examined the effect of HIV-2 on tuberculosis. METHODS: We investigated the association between HIV-1, HIV-2 and active tuberculosis in four districts (population 42 709) in Bissau, capital of Guinea-Bissau, with the highest known seroprevalence of HIV-2 infection in the world. From May 1996 to June 1998, tuberculosis surveillance and active case finding among contacts was conducted. Patients were HIV-tested, given specific tuberculosis treatment for 8 months and followed regarding mortality. Simultaneously, an HIV sero-survey was performed in a random sample of 1748 permanent residents. RESULTS: During a 25-month period, 366 tuberculosis cases were identified. After excluding cases among visitors to the area, and adjusting for age, the incidence of tuberculosis was 18.3 times higher (95% CI 12.9-26.0) among HIV-1-positive individuals, 13.7 times higher (9.0-20.7) among dually infected (HIV-1 and HIV-2), and 3.0 times higher (2.1-4.3) among HIV-2-infected compared with HIV-negative individuals. HIV-1 and dually infected tuberculosis patients had a higher mortality rate than HIV-negative tuberculosis patients [mortality ratio (MR) 2.68; CI 1.11-6.48 and 2.89; CI 1.13-7.39, respectively]. The survival of HIV-2-positive tuberculosis patients was similar to that of HIV-negative tuberculosis patients (MR 1.19; CI 0.46-3.06). CONCLUSION: The presence of HIV-2 infection increases the incidence of tuberculosis compared with that in non-HIV-infected individuals, but does not affect tuberculosis-related mortality in the short term. In contrast, the presence of HIV-1 infection, alone or with HIV-2, has a several-fold greater impact on both the incidence of and mortality from tuberculosis.
BACKGROUND:HIV-1 infection is associated with an increased incidence of and mortality from tuberculosis. Few community studies have examined the effect of HIV-2 on tuberculosis. METHODS: We investigated the association between HIV-1, HIV-2 and active tuberculosis in four districts (population 42 709) in Bissau, capital of Guinea-Bissau, with the highest known seroprevalence of HIV-2 infection in the world. From May 1996 to June 1998, tuberculosis surveillance and active case finding among contacts was conducted. Patients were HIV-tested, given specific tuberculosis treatment for 8 months and followed regarding mortality. Simultaneously, an HIV sero-survey was performed in a random sample of 1748 permanent residents. RESULTS: During a 25-month period, 366 tuberculosis cases were identified. After excluding cases among visitors to the area, and adjusting for age, the incidence of tuberculosis was 18.3 times higher (95% CI 12.9-26.0) among HIV-1-positive individuals, 13.7 times higher (9.0-20.7) among dually infected (HIV-1 and HIV-2), and 3.0 times higher (2.1-4.3) among HIV-2-infected compared with HIV-negative individuals. HIV-1 and dually infected tuberculosispatients had a higher mortality rate than HIV-negative tuberculosispatients [mortality ratio (MR) 2.68; CI 1.11-6.48 and 2.89; CI 1.13-7.39, respectively]. The survival of HIV-2-positive tuberculosispatients was similar to that of HIV-negative tuberculosispatients (MR 1.19; CI 0.46-3.06). CONCLUSION: The presence of HIV-2 infection increases the incidence of tuberculosis compared with that in non-HIV-infected individuals, but does not affect tuberculosis-related mortality in the short term. In contrast, the presence of HIV-1 infection, alone or with HIV-2, has a several-fold greater impact on both the incidence of and mortality from tuberculosis.
Authors: Timothy Lahey; Robert D Arbeit; Muhammad Bakari; C Robert Horsburgh; Mecky Matee; Richard Waddell; Lillian Mtei; Jenni M Vuola; Kisali Pallangyo; C Fordham von Reyn Journal: Vaccine Date: 2010-09-25 Impact factor: 3.641
Authors: Carla van Tienen; Maarten Schim van der Loeff; Ingrid Peterson; Matthew Cotten; Sören Andersson; Birgitta Holmgren; Tim Vincent; Thushan de Silva; Sarah Rowland-Jones; Peter Aaby; Hilton Whittle Journal: PLoS One Date: 2011-12-14 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Adam Edvin Roth; Christine Stabell Benn; Henrik Ravn; Amabelia Rodrigues; Ida Maria Lisse; Maria Yazdanbakhsh; Hilton Whittle; Peter Aaby Journal: BMJ Date: 2010-03-15