Health promotion attitudes and strategies in older adults.

The purpose of this study was to describe older adults' attitudes and beliefs regarding wellness, self-care, and participation in health promotion activities. Six focus groups were conducted with 45 men and women aged 62 to 91. The White Crane Model of Healthy Lives for Older Adults was developed based on the focus group themes. Being healthy incorporates multiple components, including functional independence, self-care and management of illness, positive outlook, and personal growth and social contribution. Being healthy is determined by self-evaluation in the context of chronic illness or disability and the social and/or physical environment. Strategies for maintaining health and motivation for healthy behavior are identified. Socialization and social support are central to participation in programs, and interpersonal engagement is particularly important. Flexibility in choice and structure of programs contribute to seniors' sense of control over their health. Programs should be challenging and tailored to older adults' needs and expectations.