Effects of several flavonoids on the growth of B16F10 and SK-MEL-1 melanoma cell lines: relationship between structure and activity.

Although flavonoids seem to be capable of acting at all stages of the carcinogenic process, little information is available on their action in melanoma cell lines. The aim of this study was to assess the response of B16F10 and SK-MEL-1 melanoma cell lines to treatment with six different flavonoids after 24 and 72 h of exposure and to relate the response to their structure. We then compared the findings with those for melphalan treatment. When cultures were treated for 24 h, only slight inhibition at the highest concentrations (25 and 50 microM) of tangeretin and luteolin were observed, whereas melphalan caused a dose-related inhibition of growth at all concentrations. Quercetin, hesperetin, 7,3'-dimethylhesperetin and eriodictyol did not produce any effect at 24 h on B16F10 or SK-MEL-1 cells, results which point to the low toxicity of flavonoids. After 72 h of exposure culture growth was inhibited by 7,3'-dimethylhesperetin at 50 microM, but lower concentrations had no effect. Tangeretin was the most effective of the flavonoids in inhibiting B16F10 and SK-MEL-1 cell growth, showing a clear dose-response curve after 72 h. These results suggest that the absence of the C2-C3 double bond on hydroxylated flavonoids results in a loss of effect on both the cell lines, while the higher activity of tangeretin compared with 7,3'-dimethylhesperetin suggests that the presence of at least three adjacent methoxyl groups confers a more potent antiproliferative effect.