Barriers to the use of electroconvulsive therapy in the elderly: a European survey.

A postal survey was carried out to determine the clinical and legal guidelines governing the use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in the countries of the wider Europe. Respondents from 23 of the 33 countries returned completed questionnaires. Considerable variation was found in the availability of ECT, the frequency of its use and associated legal procedures. However, there was a broad consensus with regard to the clinical indications. Access to the treatment was most frequently limited by financial or other resource constraints, political or legal restrictions.