Femoral vessel injuries.

Early diagnosis, expeditious vascular repair, and aggressive management of complications have resulted in an amputation rate of less than 9%. Repair rather than ligation of an associated femoral vein injury is commonly practiced by experienced trauma surgeons. In most circumstances, a reversed autogenous saphenous vein graft from the contralateral extremity is the conduit of choice; however, if a saphenous vein cannot be used because of size discrepancies, multiple associated trauma, or extensive contamination, polytetrafluoroethylene can be used with good results. If vein ligation is performed, early fasciotomy is indicated for close and meticulous monitoring of the compartmental pressures. Clearly, the most crucial components for a successful outcome are a thorough evaluation, early operation, and a flawless vascular repair.