Effect of conjugated linoleic acid on the formation of spontaneous and PhIP-induced mutation in the colon and cecum of rats.

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), a mixture of positional and geometric isomers of linoleic acid, has been reported to inhibit chemically induced mammary and colon carcinogenesis in rodents. In a preliminary experiment, we found that CLA significantly reduced the induction of mutations by the dietary carcinogen 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) in the distal colon in male rats. Here, the chemopreventive properties of CLA were further evaluated by assessing its effect on PhIP-induced mutation and aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in both male and female rats. CLA (1%, w/w) was added to the diet (1) from weaning to 50-day-old, or (2) starting 1 week prior to exposure to PhIP. The 50-day-old Big Blue and F344 rats were then exposed to 100 ppm PhIP for 47 days. No sex differences were observed in mutagenic response to the various treatments in either the distal colon or cecum. The mutation frequency (MF) in the cecum and the distal colon from control animals is 4.3+/-1.3 and 5.3+/-1.4 x 10(-5), respectively showing no statistically significant difference. Administration of PhIP induced a four-fold increase in the MF in the cecum and a seven-fold increase in the distal colon compared to the corresponding controls. Supplementation of the diet with CLA lowered the PhIP-induced MF in the distal colon by 23% (P<0.03), but had no effect in the cecum. The PhIP-induced ACF, determined 9 weeks after the termination of treatment with PhIP, were 0.75 ACF/rat, with 1.7 aberrant crypts /ACF in the colon of male rats, all located in the distal colon. This induction was completely inhibited by the addition of CLA.